All of these set a #define that doesn't appear anywhere in the tree.
Sponsored-by: https://despairlabs.com/sponsor/
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Tino Reichardt <milky-zfs@mcmilk.de>
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <robn@despairlabs.com>
Closes#16479
This sets RHEL8's base kernel[1] as the floor, and includes the oldest
kernel.org LTS (4.19).
1. https://access.redhat.com/articles/3078#RHEL8
Sponsored-by: https://despairlabs.com/sponsor/
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Tino Reichardt <milky-zfs@mcmilk.de>
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <robn@despairlabs.com>
Closes#16479
An old FreeBSD bugzilla report PR#168158 notes that DNS
names with '-'s in them cannot be used for the sharenfs
property. This patch fixes the parsing of these DNS names.
The only negative affect this patch might have is that,
if a user has incorrectly separated options with a '-'
the sharenfs setting will no longer work once this patch
is applied.
Reviewed by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Signed-off-by: Rick Macklem <rmacklem@uoguelph.ca>
Closes#16529
Off by one, confused me a while!
Sponsored-by: Klara, Inc.
Sponsored-by: Wasabi Technology, Inc.
Reviewed by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Reviewed-by: Tino Reichardt <milky-zfs@mcmilk.de>
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <rob.norris@klarasystems.com>
Closes#16500
__string field definition includes the source variable for a value
of the string when the TP hits; in 6.10+ kernels, __assign_str()
uses that to copy a value from src to the string, with older
kernels, __assign_str still accepted src as a second parameter.
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Snajdr <snajpa@snajpa.net>
Co-authored-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
Closes#16475Closes#16515
zfs_dbgmsg() does not need newline at the end of the message.
While there, slightly update/sync FreeBSD __dprintf().
Reviewed by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Sponsored by: iXsystems, Inc.
Closes#16536
This commit adds functional tests for these systems:
- AlmaLinux 8, AlmaLinux 9, ArchLinux
- CentOS Stream 9, Fedora 39, Fedora 40
- Debian 11, Debian 12
- FreeBSD 13, FreeBSD 14, FreeBSD 15
- Ubuntu 20.04, Ubuntu 22.04, Ubuntu 24.04
- enabled by default:
- AlmaLinux 8, AlmaLinux 9
- Debian 11, Debian 12
- Fedora 39, Fedora 40
- FreeBSD 13, FreeBSD 14
Workflow for each operating system:
- install qemu on the github runner
- download current cloud image of operating system
- start and init that image via cloud-init
- install dependencies and poweroff system
- start system and build openzfs and then poweroff again
- clone build system and start 2 instances of it
- run functional testings and complete in around 3h
- when tests are done, do some logfile preparing
- show detailed results for each system
- in the end, generate the job summary
Real-world benefits from this PR:
1. The github runner scripts are in the zfs repo itself. That means
you can just open a PR against zfs, like "Add Fedora 41 tester", and
see the results directly in the PR. ZFS admins no longer need
manually to login to the buildbot server to update the buildbot config
with new version of Fedora/Almalinux.
2. Github runners allow you to run the entire test suite against your
private branch before submitting a formal PR to openzfs. Just open a
PR against your private zfs repo, and the exact same
Fedora/Alma/FreeBSD runners will fire up and run ZTS. This can be
useful if you want to iterate on a ZTS change before submitting a
formal PR.
3. buildbot is incredibly cumbersome. Our buildbot config files alone
are ~1500 lines (not including any build/setup scripts)!
It's a huge pain to setup.
4. We're running the super ancient buildbot 0.8.12. It's so ancient
it requires python2. We actually have to build python2 from source
for almalinux9 just to get it to run. Ugrading to a more modern
buildbot is a huge undertaking, and the UI on the newer versions is
worse.
5. Buildbot uses EC2 instances. EC2 is a pain because:
* It costs money
* They throttle IOPS and CPU usage, leading to mysterious,
* hard-to-diagnose, failures and timeouts in ZTS.
* EC2 is high maintenance. We have to setup security groups, SSH
* keys, networking, users, etc, in AWS and it's a pain. We also
* have to periodically go in an kill zombie EC2 instances that
* buildbot is unable to kill off.
6. Buildbot doesn't always handle failures well. One of the things we
saw in the past was the FreeBSD builders would often die, and each
builder death would take up a "slot" in buildbot. So we would
periodically have to restart buildbot via a cron job to get the slots
back.
7. This PR divides up the ZTS test list into two parts, launches two
VMs, and on each VM runs half the test suite. The test results are
then merged and shown in the sumary page. So we're basically
parallelizing ZTS on the same github runner. This leads to lower
overall ZTS runtimes (2.5-3 hours vs 4+ hours on buildbot), and one
unified set of results per runner, which is nice.
8. Since the tests are running on a VM, we have much more control over
what happens. We can capture the serial console output even if the
test completely brings down the VM. In the future, we could also
restart the test on the VM where it left off, so that if a single test
panics the VM, we can just restart it and run the remaining ZTS tests
(this functionaly is not yet implemented though, just an idea).
9. Using the runners, users can manually kill or restart a test run
via the github IU. That really isn't possible with buildbot unless
you're an admin.
10. Anecdotally, the tests seem to be more stable and constant under
the QEMU runners.
Reviewed by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Tino Reichardt <milky-zfs@mcmilk.de>
Signed-off-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
Closes#16537
On load the test needs sometimes a bit more time then just one second.
Doubling the time will help on the QEMU based testings.
Reviewed by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Tino Reichardt <milky-zfs@mcmilk.de>
Closes#16537
Sometimes the pool may start an auto scrub.
Reviewed by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Tino Reichardt <milky-zfs@mcmilk.de>
Signed-off-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
Closes#16537
The test needs some adjusting within the timings.
Reviewed by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
Co-authored-by: Tino Reichardt <milky-zfs@mcmilk.de>
Closes#16537
Adding O_DIRECT support to ZFS to bypass the ARC for writes/reads.
O_DIRECT support in ZFS will always ensure there is coherency between
buffered and O_DIRECT IO requests. This ensures that all IO requests,
whether buffered or direct, will see the same file contents at all
times. Just as in other FS's , O_DIRECT does not imply O_SYNC. While
data is written directly to VDEV disks, metadata will not be synced
until the associated TXG is synced.
For both O_DIRECT read and write request the offset and request sizes,
at a minimum, must be PAGE_SIZE aligned. In the event they are not,
then EINVAL is returned unless the direct property is set to always (see
below).
For O_DIRECT writes:
The request also must be block aligned (recordsize) or the write
request will take the normal (buffered) write path. In the event that
request is block aligned and a cached copy of the buffer in the ARC,
then it will be discarded from the ARC forcing all further reads to
retrieve the data from disk.
For O_DIRECT reads:
The only alignment restrictions are PAGE_SIZE alignment. In the event
that the requested data is in buffered (in the ARC) it will just be
copied from the ARC into the user buffer.
For both O_DIRECT writes and reads the O_DIRECT flag will be ignored in
the event that file contents are mmap'ed. In this case, all requests
that are at least PAGE_SIZE aligned will just fall back to the buffered
paths. If the request however is not PAGE_SIZE aligned, EINVAL will
be returned as always regardless if the file's contents are mmap'ed.
Since O_DIRECT writes go through the normal ZIO pipeline, the
following operations are supported just as with normal buffered writes:
Checksum
Compression
Encryption
Erasure Coding
There is one caveat for the data integrity of O_DIRECT writes that is
distinct for each of the OS's supported by ZFS.
FreeBSD - FreeBSD is able to place user pages under write protection so
any data in the user buffers and written directly down to the
VDEV disks is guaranteed to not change. There is no concern
with data integrity and O_DIRECT writes.
Linux - Linux is not able to place anonymous user pages under write
protection. Because of this, if the user decides to manipulate
the page contents while the write operation is occurring, data
integrity can not be guaranteed. However, there is a module
parameter `zfs_vdev_direct_write_verify` that controls the
if a O_DIRECT writes that can occur to a top-level VDEV before
a checksum verify is run before the contents of the I/O buffer
are committed to disk. In the event of a checksum verification
failure the write will return EIO. The number of O_DIRECT write
checksum verification errors can be observed by doing
`zpool status -d`, which will list all verification errors that
have occurred on a top-level VDEV. Along with `zpool status`, a
ZED event will be issues as `dio_verify` when a checksum
verification error occurs.
ZVOLs and dedup is not currently supported with Direct I/O.
A new dataset property `direct` has been added with the following 3
allowable values:
disabled - Accepts O_DIRECT flag, but silently ignores it and treats
the request as a buffered IO request.
standard - Follows the alignment restrictions outlined above for
write/read IO requests when the O_DIRECT flag is used.
always - Treats every write/read IO request as though it passed
O_DIRECT and will do O_DIRECT if the alignment restrictions
are met otherwise will redirect through the ARC. This
property will not allow a request to fail.
There is also a module parameter zfs_dio_enabled that can be used to
force all reads and writes through the ARC. By setting this module
parameter to 0, it mimics as if the direct dataset property is set to
disabled.
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Reviewed-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Brian Atkinson <batkinson@lanl.gov>
Co-authored-by: Mark Maybee <mark.maybee@delphix.com>
Co-authored-by: Matt Macy <mmacy@FreeBSD.org>
Co-authored-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf@llnl.gov>
Closes#10018
module/zfs/ddt.c:2612:6: error: variable 'total' set but not used
Signed-off-by: Tino Reichardt <milky-zfs@mcmilk.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Reviewed-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
zfs_acl_node_alloc allocates an uninitialized data buffer, but upstack
zfs_acl_chmod only partially initializes it. KMSAN reported that this
memory remained uninitialized at the point when it was read by
lzjb_compress, which suggests a possible kernel memory disclosure bug.
The full KMSAN warning may be found in the PR.
https://github.com/openzfs/zfs/pull/16511
Signed-off-by: Alan Somers <asomers@gmail.com>
Sponsored by: Axcient
Reviewed-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Reviewed-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
The report generator expects the log to be clean and tidy UTF-8. That
can be a problem if you use some of the verbose/debug test runner
options, which sends all sorts of weird output from arbitrary programs
to the log.
This just makes Python a little more relaxed about such things. It
shouldn't matter in practice, as those lines didn't match the test
result regex anyway, and are discarded immediately.
Sponsored-by: https://despairlabs.com/sponsor/
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <robn@despairlabs.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Reviewed-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
macOS Sequoia's sys/sockio.h, as included by various bootstrap tools
whilst building FreeBSD, has started to include net/if.h, which then
includes sys/_types/_timeval32.h and provide a conflicting definition
for struct timeval32. Since this type is entirely unused within OpenZFS,
simply delete the type rather than adding in some kind of OS detection.
This fixes building FreeBSD on macOS Sequoia (Beta).
Signed-off-by: Jessica Clarke <jrtc27@jrtc27.com>
Reviewed-by: Rob Norris <rob.norris@klarasystems.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Reviewed-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
When reviewing logs after a failure, its useful to see where
unsuspend/resume was requested.
Sponsored-by: Klara, Inc.
Sponsored-by: Wasabi Technology, Inc.
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <rob.norris@klarasystems.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Reviewed-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
libzstd now also allocates its own abd_t, and so has the same issue as
zstream did, so this applies the same workaround: compile it with
ZFS_DEBUG. See 92fca1c2d.
This looks weird, because libzstd doesn't appear to look related to the
ZFS kernel, but there is already a cross-dependency there: zstd needs
zfs_lz4_compress, and zfs needs zfs_zstd_compress (and others), so the
two can never really be separated without more work. Another job for
another time.
Sponsored-by: Klara, Inc.
Sponsored-by: Wasabi Technology, Inc.
Reviewed by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Mark Maybee <mmaybee@delphix.com>
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <rob.norris@klarasystems.com>
Closes#16489
All callers to spa_prop_get() and spa_prop_get_nvlist() supplied their
own preallocated nvlist (except ztest), so we can remove the option to
have them allocate one if none is supplied.
This sidesteps a bug in spa_prop_get(), where the error var wasn't
initialised, which could lead to the provided nvlist being freed at the
end.
Sponsored-by: Klara, Inc.
Sponsored-by: Wasabi Technology, Inc.
Reviewed-by: Jorgen Lundman <lundman@lundman.net>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <rob.norris@klarasystems.com>
Closes#16505
This adds zfs_valstr, a collection of pretty printers for bitfields and
enums. These are useful in debugging, logging and other display contexts
where raw values are difficult for the untrained (or even trained!) eye
to decipher.
Sponsored-by: Klara, Inc.
Sponsored-by: Wasabi Technology, Inc.
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <rob.norris@klarasystems.com>
Requires the new 'flat' physical data which has the start
time for a class entry.
The amount to prune can be based on a target percentage of
the unique entries or based on the age (i.e., every entry
older than N days).
Sponsored-by: Klara, Inc.
Sponsored-by: iXsystems, Inc.
Reviewed-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Don Brady <don.brady@klarasystems.com>
Closes#16277
The simplest thing first: add the FDT and log objects to the list of
objects to be considered when checking for leaks.
The rest is based on a conceptual change in all of this patch stack: a
block on disk with a 'D' bit is not necessarily in the DDT at all
(pruned), or in the DDT ZAPs (still on the log).
As such, walking the DDT up front is difficult (for all the reasons that
walking an unflushed log is difficult) and not really useful, since it's
not a reflection of what's on disk anyway.
Instead, we rework things here to be more like the BRT checks. When we
see a dedup'd block, we look it up in the DDT, consume a refcount, and
for the second-or-later instances, count them as duplicates.
Reviewed-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Co-authored-by: Allan Jude <allan@klarasystems.com>
Co-authored-by: Don Brady <don.brady@klarasystems.com>
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <rob.norris@klarasystems.com>
Sponsored-by: Klara, Inc.
Sponsored-by: iXsystems, Inc.
Closes#16277
This is just a very small attempt to make it more obvious that these
flags aren't optional for libzpool-using programs, by not making it seem
like there's an option to say "well, I don't _want_ to force debugging".
Sponsored-by: Klara, Inc.
Sponsored-by: Wasabi Technology, Inc.
Reviewed-by: Allan Jude <allan@klarasystems.com>
Reviewed-by: Rich Ercolani <rincebrain@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <rob.norris@klarasystems.com>
Issue #16476Closes#16477
abd_t differs in size depending on whether or not ZFS_DEBUG is set. It
turns out that libzpool is built with FORCEDEBUG_CPPFLAGS, which sets
-DZFS_DEBUG, and so it always has a larger abd_t with extra debug
fields, regardless of whether or not --enable-debug is set.
zdb, ztest and zhack are also all built with FORCEDEBUG_CPPFLAGS, so had
the same idea of the size of abd_t, but zstream was not, and used the
"smaller" abd_t. In practice this didn't matter because it never used
abd_t directly.
This changed in b4d81b1a6, zstream was switched to use stack ABDs for
compression. When built with --enable-debug, zstream implicitly gets
ZFS_DEBUG, and everything was fine. Productions builds without that flag
ends up with the smaller abd_t, which is now mismatched with libzpool,
and causes stack overruns in zstream recompress.
The simplest fix for now is to compile zstream with FORCEDEBUG_CPPFLAGS
like the other binaries. This commit does that.
Sponsored-by: Klara, Inc.
Sponsored-by: Wasabi Technology, Inc.
Reviewed-by: Allan Jude <allan@klarasystems.com>
Reviewed-by: Rich Ercolani <rincebrain@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <rob.norris@klarasystems.com>
Issue #16476Closes#16477
In 4938d01db (#14086) zio_flag_t was converted from an enum (generally
signed 32-bit) to a uint64_t. The corresponding change wasn't made to
the error reporting subsystem, limiting the error flags being delivered
to zed to 32 bits. This bumps the whole pipeline to use uint64s.
A tiny bit of compatibility is added for newer zed working agsinst an
older kernel module, because its easy to do and misdetecting
scrub/resilver errors and taking action is potentially dangerous. Making
it work for new kernel modules against older zed seems to be far more
invasive for far less benefit, so I have not.
Sponsored-by: Klara, Inc.
Sponsored-by: Wasabi Technology, Inc.
Reviewed-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <rob.norris@klarasystems.com>
Closes#16469
When process got SIGSTOP/SIGTSTP, issig() dequeue them and return 0.
But process could still have another signal pending after dequeue. So,
after dequeue, check and return 1, if signal_pending.
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Jitendra Patidar <jitendra.patidar@nutanix.com>
Closes#16464
This commit extends the zpool-reguid(8) command with a -g flag, which
allows the user to specify the GUID to set.
This change also adds some general tests for zpool-reguid(8).
Sponsored-by: Wasabi Technology, Inc.
Sponsored-by: Klara, Inc.
Signed-off-by: Mateusz Piotrowski <0mp@FreeBSD.org>
Reviewed-by: Rob Norris <rob.norris@klarasystems.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
Dispatched delayed tasks were not added to tasks_total, and cancelled
tasks were not removed. This notably could make tasks_total go to
UNIT64_MAX, but just generally meant the count could be wrong. So lets
not!
Sponsored-by: Klara, Inc.
Sponsored-by: Syneto
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <rob.norris@klarasystems.com>
Closes#16473
Commit 329e2ffa4bca456e65c3db7f5c5c04931c551b61 has made mount.zfs(8) to
call libzfs function 'zfs_mount_at', in order to propagate dataset
properties into mount options. This fix however, is limited to a special
use case where mount.zfs(8) is used in initrd with option '-o zfsutil'.
If either initrd or the user need to use mount.zfs(8) to mount a file
system with 'mountpoint' set to 'legacy', '-o zfsutil' can't be used and
the original issue #7947 will still happen.
Since the existing code already excluded the possibility of calling
'zfs_mount_at' when it was invoked as a helper program from zfs(8), by
checking 'ZFS_MOUNT_HELPER' environment variable, it makes no sense to
avoid calling 'zfs_mount_at' without '-o zfsutil'.
An exception however, is when mount.zfs(8) was invoked with '-o remount'
to update the mount options for an existing mount point. In this case
call mount(2) directly without modifying the mount options passed from
command line.
Furthermore, don't run mount.zfs(8) helper for automounting snapshot.
The above change to make mount.zfs(8) to call 'zfs_mount_at'
apparently caused it to trigger an automount for the snapshot
directory. When the helper was invoked as a result of a snapshot
automount, an infinite recursion will occur.
Since the need of invoking user mode mount(8) for automounting was to
overcome that the 'vfs_kern_mount' being GPL-only, just run mount(8)
without the mount.zfs(8) helper by adding option '-i'.
Reviewed-by: Umer Saleem <usaleem@ixsystems.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: WHR <whr@rivoreo.one>
Closes#16393
If compression happend, any garbage past the compress size was not
zeroed out.
If compression didn't happen, then the payload size was still set to
the rounded-up return from zio_compress_data(), which is dependent on
the input, which is not necessarily the logical size.
So that's all fixed too, mostly from stealing the math from zio.c.
Sponsored-by: Klara, Inc.
Sponsored-by: Wasabi Technology, Inc.
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <rob.norris@klarasystems.com>
This was incorrectly using the compressed length for the size of the
decompress buffer, and quietly doing nothing if the decompressor refused
to decompress the block because there wasn't enough space.
After that, it wasn't correctly rewriting the record to indicate
"not compressed".
So that's fixed now. Sigh.
Sponsored-by: Klara, Inc.
Sponsored-by: Wasabi Technology, Inc.
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <rob.norris@klarasystems.com>
Some callers (eg `do_corrective_recv()`) pass in a dest buffer much
smaller than the wanted 87.5% of the source buffer, because the
incoming abd is larger than the source data and they "know" what the
decompressed size with be.
However, `abd_borrow_buf()` rightly asserts if we try to borrow more
than is available, so these callers fail.
Previously when all we had was a dest buffer, we didn't know how big it
was, so we couldn't do anything. Now we have a dest abd, with a size, so
we can clamp dest size to the abd size.
Sponsored-by: Klara, Inc.
Sponsored-by: Wasabi Technology, Inc.
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <rob.norris@klarasystems.com>
This commit changes the frontend zio_compress_data and
zio_decompress_data APIs to take ABD points instead of buffer pointers.
All callers are updated to match. Any that already have an appropriate
ABD nearby now use it directly, while at the rest we create an one.
Internally, the ABDs are passed through to the provider directly.
Sponsored-by: Klara, Inc.
Sponsored-by: Wasabi Technology, Inc.
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <rob.norris@klarasystems.com>
This commit changes the provider compress and decompress API to take ABD
pointers instead of buffer pointers for both data source and
destination. It then updates all providers to match.
This doesn't actually change the providers to do chunked compression,
just changes the API to allow such an update in the future. Helper
macros are added to easily adapt the ABD functions to their buffer-based
implementations.
Sponsored-by: Klara, Inc.
Sponsored-by: Wasabi Technology, Inc.
Signed-off-by: Rob Norris <rob.norris@klarasystems.com>
