Commit 86dd0fd added preallocated I/O buffers. This is no longer
required after the recent kmem changes designed to make our memory
allocation interfaces behave more like those found on Illumos. A
deadlock in this situation is no longer possible.
However, these allocations still have the potential to be expensive.
So a potential future optimization might be to perform then KM_NOSLEEP
so that they either succeed of fail quicky. Either case is acceptable
here because we can safely abort the aggregation.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Adam Leventhal <ahl@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Christopher Siden <christopher.siden@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Dan McDonald <danmcd@omniti.com>
Approved by: Garrett D'Amore <garrett@damore.org>
References:
https://www.illumos.org/issues/4753https://github.com/illumos/illumos-gate/commit/73527f4
Comments by Matt Ahrens from the issue tracker:
When a sync task is waiting for a txg to complete, we should hurry
it along by increasing the number of outstanding async writes
(i.e. make vdev_queue_max_async_writes() return a larger number).
Initially we might just have a tunable for "minimum async writes
while a synctask is waiting" and set it to 3.
Ported-by: Tim Chase <tim@chase2k.com>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#2716
As part of commit e8b96c6 the search zio used by the
vdev_queue_io_to_issue() function was moved to the heap
to minimize stack usage. Functionally this is fine, but
to maximize performance it's best to minimize the number
of dynamic allocations.
To avoid this allocation temporary space for the search
zio has been reserved in the vdev_queue structure. All
access must be serialized through the vq_lock.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Ned Bass <bass6@llnl.gov>
Closes#2572
The vast majority of these changes are in Linux specific code.
They are the result of not having an automated style checker to
validate the code when it was originally written. Others were
caused when the common code was slightly adjusted for Linux.
This patch contains no functional changes. It only refreshes
the code to conform to style guide.
Everyone submitting patches for inclusion upstream should now
run 'make checkstyle' and resolve any warning prior to opening
a pull request. The automated builders have been updated to
fail a build if when 'make checkstyle' detects an issue.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#1821
4045 zfs write throttle & i/o scheduler performance work
1. The ZFS i/o scheduler (vdev_queue.c) now divides i/os into 5 classes: sync
read, sync write, async read, async write, and scrub/resilver. The scheduler
issues a number of concurrent i/os from each class to the device. Once a class
has been selected, an i/o is selected from this class using either an elevator
algorithem (async, scrub classes) or FIFO (sync classes). The number of
concurrent async write i/os is tuned dynamically based on i/o load, to achieve
good sync i/o latency when there is not a high load of writes, and good write
throughput when there is. See the block comment in vdev_queue.c (reproduced
below) for more details.
2. The write throttle (dsl_pool_tempreserve_space() and
txg_constrain_throughput()) is rewritten to produce much more consistent delays
when under constant load. The new write throttle is based on the amount of
dirty data, rather than guesses about future performance of the system. When
there is a lot of dirty data, each transaction (e.g. write() syscall) will be
delayed by the same small amount. This eliminates the "brick wall of wait"
that the old write throttle could hit, causing all transactions to wait several
seconds until the next txg opens. One of the keys to the new write throttle is
decrementing the amount of dirty data as i/o completes, rather than at the end
of spa_sync(). Note that the write throttle is only applied once the i/o
scheduler is issuing the maximum number of outstanding async writes. See the
block comments in dsl_pool.c and above dmu_tx_delay() (reproduced below) for
more details.
This diff has several other effects, including:
* the commonly-tuned global variable zfs_vdev_max_pending has been removed;
use per-class zfs_vdev_*_max_active values or zfs_vdev_max_active instead.
* the size of each txg (meaning the amount of dirty data written, and thus the
time it takes to write out) is now controlled differently. There is no longer
an explicit time goal; the primary determinant is amount of dirty data.
Systems that are under light or medium load will now often see that a txg is
always syncing, but the impact to performance (e.g. read latency) is minimal.
Tune zfs_dirty_data_max and zfs_dirty_data_sync to control this.
* zio_taskq_batch_pct = 75 -- Only use 75% of all CPUs for compression,
checksum, etc. This improves latency by not allowing these CPU-intensive tasks
to consume all CPU (on machines with at least 4 CPU's; the percentage is
rounded up).
--matt
APPENDIX: problems with the current i/o scheduler
The current ZFS i/o scheduler (vdev_queue.c) is deadline based. The problem
with this is that if there are always i/os pending, then certain classes of
i/os can see very long delays.
For example, if there are always synchronous reads outstanding, then no async
writes will be serviced until they become "past due". One symptom of this
situation is that each pass of the txg sync takes at least several seconds
(typically 3 seconds).
If many i/os become "past due" (their deadline is in the past), then we must
service all of these overdue i/os before any new i/os. This happens when we
enqueue a batch of async writes for the txg sync, with deadlines 2.5 seconds in
the future. If we can't complete all the i/os in 2.5 seconds (e.g. because
there were always reads pending), then these i/os will become past due. Now we
must service all the "async" writes (which could be hundreds of megabytes)
before we service any reads, introducing considerable latency to synchronous
i/os (reads or ZIL writes).
Notes on porting to ZFS on Linux:
- zio_t gained new members io_physdone and io_phys_children. Because
object caches in the Linux port call the constructor only once at
allocation time, objects may contain residual data when retrieved
from the cache. Therefore zio_create() was updated to zero out the two
new fields.
- vdev_mirror_pending() relied on the depth of the per-vdev pending queue
(vq->vq_pending_tree) to select the least-busy leaf vdev to read from.
This tree has been replaced by vq->vq_active_tree which is now used
for the same purpose.
- vdev_queue_init() used the value of zfs_vdev_max_pending to determine
the number of vdev I/O buffers to pre-allocate. That global no longer
exists, so we instead use the sum of the *_max_active values for each of
the five I/O classes described above.
- The Illumos implementation of dmu_tx_delay() delays a transaction by
sleeping in condition variable embedded in the thread
(curthread->t_delay_cv). We do not have an equivalent CV to use in
Linux, so this change replaced the delay logic with a wrapper called
zfs_sleep_until(). This wrapper could be adopted upstream and in other
downstream ports to abstract away operating system-specific delay logic.
- These tunables are added as module parameters, and descriptions added
to the zfs-module-parameters.5 man page.
spa_asize_inflation
zfs_deadman_synctime_ms
zfs_vdev_max_active
zfs_vdev_async_write_active_min_dirty_percent
zfs_vdev_async_write_active_max_dirty_percent
zfs_vdev_async_read_max_active
zfs_vdev_async_read_min_active
zfs_vdev_async_write_max_active
zfs_vdev_async_write_min_active
zfs_vdev_scrub_max_active
zfs_vdev_scrub_min_active
zfs_vdev_sync_read_max_active
zfs_vdev_sync_read_min_active
zfs_vdev_sync_write_max_active
zfs_vdev_sync_write_min_active
zfs_dirty_data_max_percent
zfs_delay_min_dirty_percent
zfs_dirty_data_max_max_percent
zfs_dirty_data_max
zfs_dirty_data_max_max
zfs_dirty_data_sync
zfs_delay_scale
The latter four have type unsigned long, whereas they are uint64_t in
Illumos. This accommodates Linux's module_param() supported types, but
means they may overflow on 32-bit architectures.
The values zfs_dirty_data_max and zfs_dirty_data_max_max are the most
likely to overflow on 32-bit systems, since they express physical RAM
sizes in bytes. In fact, Illumos initializes zfs_dirty_data_max_max to
2^32 which does overflow. To resolve that, this port instead initializes
it in arc_init() to 25% of physical RAM, and adds the tunable
zfs_dirty_data_max_max_percent to override that percentage. While this
solution doesn't completely avoid the overflow issue, it should be a
reasonable default for most systems, and the minority of affected
systems can work around the issue by overriding the defaults.
- Fixed reversed logic in comment above zfs_delay_scale declaration.
- Clarified comments in vdev_queue.c regarding when per-queue minimums take
effect.
- Replaced dmu_tx_write_limit in the dmu_tx kstat file
with dmu_tx_dirty_delay and dmu_tx_dirty_over_max. The first counts
how many times a transaction has been delayed because the pool dirty
data has exceeded zfs_delay_min_dirty_percent. The latter counts how
many times the pool dirty data has exceeded zfs_dirty_data_max (which
we expect to never happen).
- The original patch would have regressed the bug fixed in
zfsonlinux/zfs@c418410, which prevented users from setting the
zfs_vdev_aggregation_limit tuning larger than SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE.
A similar fix is added to vdev_queue_aggregate().
- In vdev_queue_io_to_issue(), dynamically allocate 'zio_t search' on the
heap instead of the stack. In Linux we can't afford such large
structures on the stack.
Reviewed by: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Adam Leventhal <ahl@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Christopher Siden <christopher.siden@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Ned Bass <bass6@llnl.gov>
Reviewed by: Brendan Gregg <brendan.gregg@joyent.com>
Approved by: Robert Mustacchi <rm@joyent.com>
References:
http://www.illumos.org/issues/4045illumos/illumos-gate@69962b5647
Ported-by: Ned Bass <bass6@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#1913
3742 zfs comments need cleaner, more consistent style
Reviewed by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Eric Schrock <eric.schrock@delphix.com>
Approved by: Christopher Siden <christopher.siden@delphix.com>
References:
https://www.illumos.org/issues/3742illumos/illumos-gate@f717074149
Ported-by: Richard Yao <ryao@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Issue #1775
Porting notes:
1. The change to zfs_vfsops.c was dropped because it involves
zfs_mount_label_policy, which does not exist in the Linux port.
3537 want pool io kstats
Reviewed by: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Adam Leventhal <ahl@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Eric Schrock <eric.schrock@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Sa?o Kiselkov <skiselkov.ml@gmail.com>
Reviewed by: Garrett D'Amore <garrett@damore.org>
Reviewed by: Brendan Gregg <brendan.gregg@joyent.com>
Approved by: Gordon Ross <gwr@nexenta.com>
References:
http://www.illumos.org/issues/3537illumos/illumos-gate@c3a6601
Ported by: Cyril Plisko <cyril.plisko@mountall.com>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Porting Notes:
1. The patch was restructured to take advantage of the existing
spa statistics infrastructure. To accomplish this the kstat
was moved in to spa->io_stats and the init/destroy code moved
to spa_stats.c.
2. The I/O kstat was simply named <pool> which conflicted with the
pool directory we had already created. Therefore it was renamed
to <pool>/io
3. An update handler was added to allow the kstat to be zeroed.
3618 ::zio dcmd does not show timestamp data
Reviewed by: Adam Leventhal <ahl@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <gwilson@zfsmail.com>
Reviewed by: Christopher Siden <christopher.siden@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Garrett D'Amore <garrett@damore.org>
Approved by: Dan McDonald <danmcd@nexenta.com>
References:
http://www.illumos.org/issues/3618illumos/illumos-gate@c55e05cb35
Notes on porting to ZFS on Linux:
The original changeset mostly deals with mdb ::zio dcmd.
However, in order to provide the requested functionality
it modifies vdev and zio structures to keep the timing data
in nanoseconds instead of ticks. It is these changes that
are ported over in the commit in hand.
One visible change of this commit is that the default value
of 'zfs_vdev_time_shift' tunable is changed:
zfs_vdev_time_shift = 6
to
zfs_vdev_time_shift = 29
The original value of 6 was inherited from OpenSolaris and
was subotimal - since it shifted the raw tick value - it
didn't compensate for different tick frequencies on Linux and
OpenSolaris. The former has HZ=1000, while the latter HZ=100.
(Which itself led to other interesting performance anomalies
under non-trivial load. The deadline scheduler delays the IO
according to its priority - the lower priority the further
the deadline is set. The delay is measured in units of
"shifted ticks". Since the HZ value was 10 times higher,
the delay units were 10 times shorter. Thus really low
priority IO like resilver (delay is 10 units) and scrub
(delay is 20 units) were scheduled much sooner than intended.
The overall effect is that resilver and scrub IO consumed
more bandwidth at the expense of the other IO.)
Now that the bookkeeping is done is nanoseconds the shift
behaves correctly for any tick frequency (HZ).
Ported-by: Cyril Plisko <cyril.plisko@mountall.com>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#1643
Reviewed by: Matt Ahrens <matthew.ahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Eric Schrock <eric.schrock@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Christopher Siden <chris.siden@delphix.com>
Approved by: Garrett D'Amore <garrett@damore.org>
NOTES: This patch has been reworked from the original in the
following ways to accomidate Linux ZFS implementation
*) Usage of the cyclic interface was replaced by the delayed taskq
interface. This avoids the need to implement new compatibility
code and allows us to rely on the existing taskq implementation.
*) An extern for zfs_txg_synctime_ms was added to sys/dsl_pool.h
because declaring externs in source files as was done in the
original patch is just plain wrong.
*) Instead of panicing the system when the deadman triggers a
zevent describing the blocked vdev and the first pending I/O
is posted. If the panic behavior is desired Linux provides
other generic methods to panic the system when threads are
observed to hang.
*) For reference, to delay zios by 30 seconds for testing you can
use zinject as follows: 'zinject -d <vdev> -D30 <pool>'
References:
illumos/illumos-gate@283b84606bhttps://www.illumos.org/issues/3246
Ported-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#1396
Prevent users from setting the zfs_vdev_aggregation_limit tuning
larger than SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#520
The vdev queue layer may require a small number of buffers
when attempting to create aggregate I/O requests. Rather than
attempting to allocate them from the global zio buffers, which
is slow under memory pressure, it makes sense to pre-allocate
them because...
1) These buffers are short lived. They are only required for
the life of a single I/O at which point they can be used by
the next I/O.
2) The maximum number of concurrent buffers needed by a vdev is
small. It's roughly limited by the zfs_vdev_max_pending tunable
which defaults to 10.
By keeping a small list of these buffer per-vdev we can ensure
one is always available when we need it. This significantly
reduces contention on the vq->vq_lock, because we no longer
need to perform a slow allocation under this lock. This is
particularly important when memory is already low on the system.
It would probably be wise to extend the use of these buffers beyond
aggregate I/O and in to the raidz implementation. The inability
to quickly allocate buffer for the parity stripes could result in
similiar problems.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
This commit adds module options for all existing zfs tunables.
Ideally the average user should never need to modify any of these
values. However, in practice sometimes you do need to tweak these
values for one reason or another. In those cases it's nice not to
have to resort to rebuilding from source. All tunables are visable
to modinfo and the list is as follows:
$ modinfo module/zfs/zfs.ko
filename: module/zfs/zfs.ko
license: CDDL
author: Sun Microsystems/Oracle, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
description: ZFS
srcversion: 8EAB1D71DACE05B5AA61567
depends: spl,znvpair,zcommon,zunicode,zavl
vermagic: 2.6.32-131.0.5.el6.x86_64 SMP mod_unload modversions
parm: zvol_major:Major number for zvol device (uint)
parm: zvol_threads:Number of threads for zvol device (uint)
parm: zio_injection_enabled:Enable fault injection (int)
parm: zio_bulk_flags:Additional flags to pass to bulk buffers (int)
parm: zio_delay_max:Max zio millisec delay before posting event (int)
parm: zio_requeue_io_start_cut_in_line:Prioritize requeued I/O (bool)
parm: zil_replay_disable:Disable intent logging replay (int)
parm: zfs_nocacheflush:Disable cache flushes (bool)
parm: zfs_read_chunk_size:Bytes to read per chunk (long)
parm: zfs_vdev_max_pending:Max pending per-vdev I/Os (int)
parm: zfs_vdev_min_pending:Min pending per-vdev I/Os (int)
parm: zfs_vdev_aggregation_limit:Max vdev I/O aggregation size (int)
parm: zfs_vdev_time_shift:Deadline time shift for vdev I/O (int)
parm: zfs_vdev_ramp_rate:Exponential I/O issue ramp-up rate (int)
parm: zfs_vdev_read_gap_limit:Aggregate read I/O over gap (int)
parm: zfs_vdev_write_gap_limit:Aggregate write I/O over gap (int)
parm: zfs_vdev_scheduler:I/O scheduler (charp)
parm: zfs_vdev_cache_max:Inflate reads small than max (int)
parm: zfs_vdev_cache_size:Total size of the per-disk cache (int)
parm: zfs_vdev_cache_bshift:Shift size to inflate reads too (int)
parm: zfs_scrub_limit:Max scrub/resilver I/O per leaf vdev (int)
parm: zfs_recover:Set to attempt to recover from fatal errors (int)
parm: spa_config_path:SPA config file (/etc/zfs/zpool.cache) (charp)
parm: zfs_zevent_len_max:Max event queue length (int)
parm: zfs_zevent_cols:Max event column width (int)
parm: zfs_zevent_console:Log events to the console (int)
parm: zfs_top_maxinflight:Max I/Os per top-level (int)
parm: zfs_resilver_delay:Number of ticks to delay resilver (int)
parm: zfs_scrub_delay:Number of ticks to delay scrub (int)
parm: zfs_scan_idle:Idle window in clock ticks (int)
parm: zfs_scan_min_time_ms:Min millisecs to scrub per txg (int)
parm: zfs_free_min_time_ms:Min millisecs to free per txg (int)
parm: zfs_resilver_min_time_ms:Min millisecs to resilver per txg (int)
parm: zfs_no_scrub_io:Set to disable scrub I/O (bool)
parm: zfs_no_scrub_prefetch:Set to disable scrub prefetching (bool)
parm: zfs_txg_timeout:Max seconds worth of delta per txg (int)
parm: zfs_no_write_throttle:Disable write throttling (int)
parm: zfs_write_limit_shift:log2(fraction of memory) per txg (int)
parm: zfs_txg_synctime_ms:Target milliseconds between tgx sync (int)
parm: zfs_write_limit_min:Min tgx write limit (ulong)
parm: zfs_write_limit_max:Max tgx write limit (ulong)
parm: zfs_write_limit_inflated:Inflated tgx write limit (ulong)
parm: zfs_write_limit_override:Override tgx write limit (ulong)
parm: zfs_prefetch_disable:Disable all ZFS prefetching (int)
parm: zfetch_max_streams:Max number of streams per zfetch (uint)
parm: zfetch_min_sec_reap:Min time before stream reclaim (uint)
parm: zfetch_block_cap:Max number of blocks to fetch at a time (uint)
parm: zfetch_array_rd_sz:Number of bytes in a array_read (ulong)
parm: zfs_pd_blks_max:Max number of blocks to prefetch (int)
parm: zfs_dedup_prefetch:Enable prefetching dedup-ed blks (int)
parm: zfs_arc_min:Min arc size (ulong)
parm: zfs_arc_max:Max arc size (ulong)
parm: zfs_arc_meta_limit:Meta limit for arc size (ulong)
parm: zfs_arc_reduce_dnlc_percent:Meta reclaim percentage (int)
parm: zfs_arc_grow_retry:Seconds before growing arc size (int)
parm: zfs_arc_shrink_shift:log2(fraction of arc to reclaim) (int)
parm: zfs_arc_p_min_shift:arc_c shift to calc min/max arc_p (int)
Fix non-c90 compliant code, for the most part these changes
simply deal with where a particular variable is declared.
Under c90 it must alway be done at the very start of a block.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
