vatrog-vm-signaling/src/test/test_memctx.c

/* test_memctx.c — seam for the coherent address-space context (MEMCTX).
 *
 *   1) multicast + RO-fd + decode: a holder with CAP_MEMCTX receives MEMCTX, kcr3,
 *      epoch=0, nseg=1; the received fd mmaps PROT_READ, while PROT_WRITE -> EACCES
 *      (RO physically enforced); the vmsig_memctx_segs helper reconstructs segs[];
 *      a co-resident holder without CAP_MEMCTX does NOT receive it (deny);
 *   2) epoch: a synthetic destructive VM_LIFECYCLE -> MEMCTX_INVALIDATED ->
 *      re-multicast at epoch+1 with a NEW kcr3;
 *   3) retain/replay: a LATE subscriber (attached AFTER publication) receives
 *      the retained MEMCTX with a valid re-shared RO-fd (synchronously on add_control);
 *   4) multi-VM: two endpoints, isolation (a VM holder does not see another's context);
 *   5) socket E2E: MEMCTX travels as a vmsig_wire frame + RO-fd in cmsg (SCM_RIGHTS), the
 *      client mmaps RO via the received fd.
 * In-proc (except 5) and under ASAN. SISC: not a single control name in the adapter. */
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include "vmsig.h"
#include "vmsig_socket.h"      /* vmsig_wire, vmsig_socket_attach */
#include "core_internal.h"     /* core_emit_up (synthetic lifecycle injection) */
#include "memctx.h"            /* vmsig_memctx_cfg (infra ro_fd ownership test) */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <stddef.h>

static int g_fail = 0;
#define CHECK(cond, msg) do { \
    if (!(cond)) { printf("  FAIL: %s\n", (msg)); g_fail = 1; } \
} while (0)

/* ===== in-proc holder ===== */
typedef struct holder holder;
struct holder {
    vmsig_core* core;
    holder*     peer;          /* multi-VM: stop when both are ready (or NULL)   */
    int         is_driver;     /* stops the loop on a condition                  */
    uint32_t    expect_ep;
    int         memctx, invalidated, ticks, bad_ep, errors;
    uint64_t    last_kcr3, kcr3_e0;
    uint32_t    last_epoch, last_nseg;
    int         ro_ok, rw_eacces, seg0_ok;
    int         inject_reset, injected;
    int         stop_epoch;    /* stop when last_epoch>=stop_epoch (-1 = else)   */
};

static void maybe_stop(holder* h) {
    if (!h->is_driver) return;
    if (h->ticks > 30) { vmsig_core_stop(h->core); return; }   /* failsafe (vmhost ticks) */
    if (h->stop_epoch >= 0) {
        if ((int)h->last_epoch >= h->stop_epoch && h->memctx >= 1) vmsig_core_stop(h->core);
    } else if (h->peer) {
        if (h->memctx >= 1 && h->peer->memctx >= 1) vmsig_core_stop(h->core);
    } else if (h->memctx >= 1) {
        vmsig_core_stop(h->core);
    }
}

static int h_on_ev(void* u, const vmsig_event* ev) {
    holder* h = u;
    if (ev->kind == VMSIG_EV_VM_LIFECYCLE)            h->ticks++;
    else if (ev->kind == VMSIG_EV_MEMCTX_INVALIDATED) h->invalidated++;
    else if (ev->kind == VMSIG_EV_ERROR)              h->errors++;   /* no boot-retry ERROR spam */
    maybe_stop(h);
    return 0;
}

static int h_on_memctx(void* u, const vmsig_event* ev, int fd) {
    holder* h = u;
    const vmsig_memctx* m = (const vmsig_memctx*)ev->inln;
    h->memctx++;
    if (ev->endpoint != h->expect_ep) h->bad_ep++;
    h->last_kcr3 = m->kcr3; h->last_epoch = m->epoch;
    if (m->epoch == 0) h->kcr3_e0 = m->kcr3;

    uint32_t n = 0;
    const vmsig_memseg* segs = vmsig_memctx_segs(ev, &n);
    h->last_nseg = n;
    if (segs && n >= 1 && segs[0].gpa == 0 && segs[0].len == m->low) h->seg0_ok = 1;

    if (fd >= 0 && m->low) {
        void* ro = mmap(NULL, (size_t)m->low, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
        if (ro != MAP_FAILED) { h->ro_ok = 1; munmap(ro, (size_t)m->low); }
        void* rw = mmap(NULL, (size_t)m->low, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
        if (rw == MAP_FAILED) h->rw_eacces = 1; else munmap(rw, (size_t)m->low);
    }

    /* epoch test: on the first context (epoch0) inject a destructive transition. */
    if (h->inject_reset && !h->injected && m->epoch == 0) {
        h->injected = 1;
        vmsig_event lc; memset(&lc, 0, sizeof lc);
        lc.kind = VMSIG_EV_VM_LIFECYCLE; lc.source = VMSIG_SRC_VMHOST; lc.dir = VMSIG_DIR_UP;
        lc.prio = VMSIG_PRIO_URGENT; lc.endpoint = h->expect_ep; lc.origin = 0;
        vmsig_vm_state vs = { VMSIG_VM_RESET, 0 };
        memcpy(lc.inln, &vs, sizeof vs);
        core_emit_up(h->core, &lc);          /* core: epoch++ + invalidate + re-multicast */
    }
    maybe_stop(h);
    return 0;
}

static void add_holder(vmsig_core* core, holder* h, uint32_t cap,
                       uint32_t source_mask, uint64_t endpoint_mask) {
    vmsig_inproc_cfg cfg; memset(&cfg, 0, sizeof cfg);
    cfg.on_event = h_on_ev; cfg.on_memctx = h_on_memctx; cfg.user = h;
    void* ctl = vmsig_inproc_control_new(&cfg);
    vmsig_grant g; memset(&g, 0, sizeof g);
    g.principal = 5; g.endpoint_mask = endpoint_mask;
    g.source_mask = source_mask; g.cap_mask = cap;
    vmsig_core_add_control(core, vmsig_inproc_control_ops(), ctl, &g);
}

/* ---- 1. multicast + RO-fd + decode + deny ---------------------------------- */
static void test_multicast(void) {
    printf("test_multicast\n");
    vmsig_ctx*  ctx  = vmsig_ctx_new();
    vmsig_core* core = vmsig_core_new(ctx);

    holder good; memset(&good, 0, sizeof good);
    good.core = core; good.is_driver = 1; good.expect_ep = 0; good.stop_epoch = -1;
    holder deny; memset(&deny, 0, sizeof deny);
    deny.core = core; deny.expect_ep = 0; deny.stop_epoch = -1;

    add_holder(core, &good, VMSIG_CAP_MEMCTX | VMSIG_CAP_OBSERVE, 0xFFFFFFFFu, 1ull << 0);
    add_holder(core, &deny, VMSIG_CAP_OBSERVE, 0xFFFFFFFFu, 1ull << 0);   /* no MEMCTX */

    CHECK(vmsig_core_add_adapter(core, vmsig_vmhost_ops(), NULL, 0) >= 0, "add vmhost (watchdog)");
    CHECK(vmsig_core_add_adapter(core, vmsig_memctx_ops(), NULL, 0) >= 0, "add memctx");

    vmsig_core_run(core);

    CHECK(good.memctx >= 1,       "GOOD received MEMCTX");
    CHECK(good.last_kcr3 != 0,    "kcr3 nonzero");
    CHECK(good.last_epoch == 0,   "first publication is epoch 0");
    CHECK(good.last_nseg == 1,    "nseg=1 (single-low)");
    CHECK(good.seg0_ok,           "segs[] decoded by the helper (gpa=0,len=low)");
    CHECK(good.ro_ok,             "RO-fd: mmap(PROT_READ) ok");
    CHECK(good.rw_eacces,         "RO-fd: mmap(PROT_WRITE) -> EACCES (RO enforced)");
    CHECK(good.bad_ep == 0,       "delivery endpoint is correct");
    CHECK(deny.memctx == 0,       "deny without CAP_MEMCTX does NOT receive MEMCTX");

    vmsig_core_free(core);
    vmsig_ctx_free(ctx);
}

/* ---- 2. epoch: invalidation + re-multicast epoch+1 ------------------------- */
static void test_epoch(void) {
    printf("test_epoch\n");
    vmsig_ctx*  ctx  = vmsig_ctx_new();
    vmsig_core* core = vmsig_core_new(ctx);

    holder h; memset(&h, 0, sizeof h);
    h.core = core; h.is_driver = 1; h.expect_ep = 0; h.inject_reset = 1; h.stop_epoch = 1;

    add_holder(core, &h, VMSIG_CAP_MEMCTX | VMSIG_CAP_OBSERVE, 0xFFFFFFFFu, 1ull << 0);

    CHECK(vmsig_core_add_adapter(core, vmsig_vmhost_ops(), NULL, 0) >= 0, "add vmhost (watchdog)");
    CHECK(vmsig_core_add_adapter(core, vmsig_memctx_ops(), NULL, 0) >= 0, "add memctx");

    vmsig_core_run(core);

    CHECK(h.memctx >= 2,        "contexts for epochs 0 and 1 received");
    CHECK(h.invalidated >= 1,   "MEMCTX_INVALIDATED delivered on epoch change");
    CHECK(h.last_epoch == 1,    "re-multicast at epoch+1");
    CHECK(h.kcr3_e0 != 0 && h.last_kcr3 != 0 && h.last_kcr3 != h.kcr3_e0,
          "new kcr3 after re-bootstrap (epoch 1 kcr3 != epoch 0)");

    vmsig_core_free(core);
    vmsig_ctx_free(ctx);
}

/* ---- 3. retain/replay to a late subscriber --------------------------------- */
static void test_retain(void) {
    printf("test_retain\n");
    vmsig_ctx*  ctx  = vmsig_ctx_new();
    vmsig_core* core = vmsig_core_new(ctx);

    holder a; memset(&a, 0, sizeof a);
    a.core = core; a.is_driver = 1; a.expect_ep = 0; a.stop_epoch = -1;

    add_holder(core, &a, VMSIG_CAP_MEMCTX | VMSIG_CAP_OBSERVE, 0xFFFFFFFFu, 1ull << 0);

    CHECK(vmsig_core_add_adapter(core, vmsig_vmhost_ops(), NULL, 0) >= 0, "add vmhost (watchdog)");
    CHECK(vmsig_core_add_adapter(core, vmsig_memctx_ops(), NULL, 0) >= 0, "add memctx");

    vmsig_core_run(core);                   /* A receives MEMCTX, loop stopped */
    CHECK(a.memctx >= 1, "early subscriber A received MEMCTX");

    /* LATE subscriber B: attaches AFTER publication. Replay of the retained context
     * happens SYNCHRONOUSLY in add_control (cell valid) — without a second loop run. */
    holder b; memset(&b, 0, sizeof b);
    b.core = core; b.expect_ep = 0; b.stop_epoch = -1;
    add_holder(core, &b, VMSIG_CAP_MEMCTX, 0xFFFFFFFFu, 1ull << 0);

    CHECK(b.memctx >= 1,  "late subscriber B received the retained MEMCTX (replay)");
    CHECK(b.last_kcr3 != 0, "B: kcr3 nonzero in the replay");
    CHECK(b.ro_ok,        "B: re-shared RO-fd mmaps PROT_READ");
    CHECK(b.rw_eacces,    "B: re-shared fd is RO (PROT_WRITE -> EACCES)");

    vmsig_core_free(core);
    vmsig_ctx_free(ctx);
}

/* ---- 4. multi-VM: endpoint isolation --------------------------------------- */
static void test_multivm(void) {
    printf("test_multivm\n");
    vmsig_ctx*  ctx  = vmsig_ctx_new();
    vmsig_core* core = vmsig_core_new(ctx);

    holder h0; memset(&h0, 0, sizeof h0);
    holder h1; memset(&h1, 0, sizeof h1);
    h0.core = core; h0.is_driver = 1; h0.expect_ep = 0; h0.stop_epoch = -1; h0.peer = &h1;
    h1.core = core; h1.is_driver = 1; h1.expect_ep = 1; h1.stop_epoch = -1; h1.peer = &h0;

    /* each holder is scoped to its OWN endpoint (+OBSERVE for watchdog lifecycle ticks on ep0). */
    add_holder(core, &h0, VMSIG_CAP_MEMCTX | VMSIG_CAP_OBSERVE, 0xFFFFFFFFu, 1ull << 0);
    add_holder(core, &h1, VMSIG_CAP_MEMCTX | VMSIG_CAP_OBSERVE, 0xFFFFFFFFu, 1ull << 1);

    CHECK(vmsig_core_add_adapter(core, vmsig_vmhost_ops(), NULL, 0) >= 0, "add vmhost ep0 (watchdog)");
    CHECK(vmsig_core_add_adapter(core, vmsig_memctx_ops(), NULL, 0) >= 0, "add memctx ep0");
    CHECK(vmsig_core_add_adapter(core, vmsig_memctx_ops(), NULL, 1) >= 0, "add memctx ep1");

    vmsig_core_run(core);

    CHECK(h0.memctx >= 1 && h0.bad_ep == 0, "VM0 receives ONLY its own context (ep0)");
    CHECK(h1.memctx >= 1 && h1.bad_ep == 0, "VM1 receives ONLY its own context (ep1)");

    vmsig_core_free(core);
    vmsig_ctx_free(ctx);
}

/* ---- 5. socket end-to-end: MEMCTX frame + fd in cmsg ----------------------- */
#define SOCK_EP 3u
static vmsig_grant sock_policy(uint32_t uid, uint32_t pid, void* ud) {
    (void)pid; (void)ud;
    vmsig_grant g; memset(&g, 0, sizeof g);
    g.principal = uid; g.endpoint_mask = 1ull << SOCK_EP;
    g.source_mask = 0xFFFFFFFFu; g.cap_mask = VMSIG_CAP_MEMCTX;
    return g;
}
static void* loop_main(void* p) { vmsig_core_run((vmsig_core*)p); return NULL; }

static int connect_abstract(const char* name) {
    int fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (fd < 0) return -1;
    struct sockaddr_un a; memset(&a, 0, sizeof a); a.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
    size_t n = strlen(name);
    a.sun_path[0] = 0;
    memcpy(a.sun_path + 1, name + 1, n - 1);
    socklen_t alen = (socklen_t)(offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + n);
    if (connect(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&a, alen) < 0) { close(fd); return -1; }
    return fd;
}

/* Read ONE 80-byte vmsig_wire frame; the adjacent fd (cmsg) -> into *out_fd. */
static int recv_wire(int fd, vmsig_wire* w, int* out_fd) {
    *out_fd = -1;
    struct iovec iov = { .iov_base = w, .iov_len = sizeof *w };
    union { char buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))]; struct cmsghdr a; } cm;
    memset(&cm, 0, sizeof cm);
    struct msghdr mh; memset(&mh, 0, sizeof mh);
    mh.msg_iov = &iov; mh.msg_iovlen = 1;
    mh.msg_control = cm.buf; mh.msg_controllen = sizeof cm.buf;
    size_t got = 0;
    while (got < sizeof *w) {
        iov.iov_base = (char*)w + got; iov.iov_len = sizeof *w - got;
        ssize_t n = recvmsg(fd, &mh, MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC);
        if (n <= 0) return (got == 0) ? 0 : -1;
        for (struct cmsghdr* c = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh); c; c = CMSG_NXTHDR(&mh, c))
            if (c->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && c->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS)
                memcpy(out_fd, CMSG_DATA(c), sizeof(int));
        got += (size_t)n;
        mh.msg_control = NULL; mh.msg_controllen = 0;   /* fd only on the first recvmsg */
    }
    return 1;
}

static void test_socket(void) {
    printf("test_socket\n");
    vmsig_ctx*  ctx  = vmsig_ctx_new();
    vmsig_core* core = vmsig_core_new(ctx);

    CHECK(vmsig_core_add_adapter(core, vmsig_memctx_ops(), NULL, SOCK_EP) >= 0, "add memctx");
    const char* SOCK = "@vmsig-memctx-e2e";
    CHECK(vmsig_socket_attach(core, SOCK, sock_policy, NULL) == 0, "socket attach");

    pthread_t th; pthread_create(&th, NULL, loop_main, core);

    int c = connect_abstract(SOCK);
    CHECK(c >= 0, "client connected");
    if (c < 0) { vmsig_core_stop(core); pthread_join(th, NULL); vmsig_core_free(core); vmsig_ctx_free(ctx); return; }

    struct timeval tv = { .tv_sec = 3, .tv_usec = 0 };
    setsockopt(c, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &tv, sizeof tv);

    int got_ctx = 0, ro_fd = -1, ro_ok = 0, rw_eacces = 0;
    vmsig_memctx pod; memset(&pod, 0, sizeof pod);
    for (int iter = 0; iter < 20 && !got_ctx; iter++) {
        vmsig_wire w; int wfd = -1;
        int r = recv_wire(c, &w, &wfd);
        if (r != 1) break;
        if (w.kind == VMSIG_EV_MEMCTX) {
            got_ctx = 1; ro_fd = wfd;
            memcpy(&pod, w.inln, sizeof pod);
            CHECK(ro_fd >= 0, "MEMCTX frame carries an RO-fd in cmsg");
            CHECK(pod.flags & VMSIG_MEMCTX_RDONLY, "RDONLY flag is set");
            if (ro_fd >= 0 && pod.low) {
                void* ro = mmap(NULL, (size_t)pod.low, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, ro_fd, 0);
                if (ro != MAP_FAILED) { ro_ok = 1; munmap(ro, (size_t)pod.low); }
                void* rw = mmap(NULL, (size_t)pod.low, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, ro_fd, 0);
                if (rw == MAP_FAILED) rw_eacces = 1; else munmap(rw, (size_t)pod.low);
            }
        }
    }
    CHECK(got_ctx == 1, "MEMCTX frame arrived over the socket (wire framing)");
    CHECK(ro_ok,        "mmap RO via the received fd");
    CHECK(rw_eacces,    "write-mmap via the received fd fails (RO)");

    if (ro_fd >= 0) close(ro_fd);
    close(c);
    vmsig_core_stop(core);
    pthread_join(th, NULL);
    vmsig_core_free(core);
    vmsig_ctx_free(ctx);
}

/* ---- 6. ro_fd ownership: an infra-supplied RO-fd is closed by the adapter --- *
 * Regression for the latent leak: cfg.ro_fd ownership transfers to the adapter at
 * open(); mc_close() must close it, so a re-grant (detach + re-attach with a fresh
 * infra ro_fd) does not leak the prior one. Only DUPS leave outward (one per share),
 * so the original stays open across the run and is reaped at adapter close. */
#ifndef MFD_CLOEXEC
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <linux/memfd.h>
static int memfd_create(const char* name, unsigned int flags) {
    return (int)syscall(SYS_memfd_create, name, flags);
}
#endif
#ifndef MFD_ALLOW_SEALING
#define MFD_ALLOW_SEALING 0x0002U
#endif
#ifndef F_ADD_SEALS
#define F_ADD_SEALS   (1024 + 9)
#define F_SEAL_SHRINK 0x0002
#define F_SEAL_GROW   0x0004
#endif
#ifndef F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE
#define F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE 0x0010
#endif

static int make_ro_backing(uint32_t size) {
    int fd = memfd_create("vmsig_test_ro", MFD_CLOEXEC | MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);
    if (fd < 0) fd = memfd_create("vmsig_test_ro", MFD_CLOEXEC);
    if (fd < 0) return -1;
    if (ftruncate(fd, (off_t)size) != 0) { close(fd); return -1; }
    (void)fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_GROW | F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE);
    return fd;
}

static void test_ro_fd_ownership(void) {
    printf("test_ro_fd_ownership\n");
    int ro = make_ro_backing(0x10000u);   /* >= the stub low so the holder can mmap */
    CHECK(ro >= 0, "created an RO backing fd");
    if (ro < 0) return;

    vmsig_ctx*  ctx  = vmsig_ctx_new();
    vmsig_core* core = vmsig_core_new(ctx);

    holder h; memset(&h, 0, sizeof h);
    h.core = core; h.is_driver = 1; h.expect_ep = 0; h.stop_epoch = -1;
    add_holder(core, &h, VMSIG_CAP_MEMCTX, 0xFFFFFFFFu, 1ull << 0);

    /* stub kcr3 (no VM) but a REAL infra ro_fd handed in for the RO share path. */
    vmsig_memctx_cfg mc; memset(&mc, 0, sizeof mc);
    mc.stub = 1; mc.ram_path = NULL; mc.low = 0; mc.ro_fd = ro;
    CHECK(vmsig_core_add_adapter(core, vmsig_memctx_ops(), &mc, 0) >= 0, "add memctx (infra ro_fd)");

    vmsig_core_run(core);

    CHECK(h.memctx >= 1, "holder received MEMCTX over the infra ro_fd");
    CHECK(h.ro_ok,       "infra ro_fd re-shared and mmaps PROT_READ");
    CHECK(fcntl(ro, F_GETFD) >= 0, "infra ro_fd still open before close (no premature close)");

    vmsig_core_free(core);   /* mc_close closes the owned cfg_ro_fd */
    vmsig_ctx_free(ctx);

    CHECK(fcntl(ro, F_GETFD) == -1, "infra ro_fd closed by mc_close after free (no leak)");
    if (fcntl(ro, F_GETFD) >= 0) close(ro);   /* belt-and-braces if the assert failed */
}

/* ---- 7. cold-bootstrap retry: stub fails N times, then publishes via backoff ----- *
 * Regression for the cold-bootstrap-while-guest-boots bug: a failed bootstrap must NOT be
 * terminal nor emit URGENT ERROR — it arms a one-shot backoff timerfd that re-kicks the
 * bootstrap until it succeeds. fail_boots=3 makes the first three stub bootstraps fail
 * deterministically (no timing dependence); the real timerfd fires at ~50/100/200ms, so the
 * 4th kick succeeds sub-second. vmhost is added (as test_multicast) for the ticks failsafe
 * and a realistic loop; stop on memctx>=1 (stop_epoch=-1). */
static void test_retry(void) {
    printf("test_retry\n");
    vmsig_ctx*  ctx  = vmsig_ctx_new();
    vmsig_core* core = vmsig_core_new(ctx);

    holder h; memset(&h, 0, sizeof h);
    h.core = core; h.is_driver = 1; h.expect_ep = 0; h.stop_epoch = -1;
    /* OBSERVE so vmhost lifecycle ticks reach maybe_stop (ticks>30 failsafe) and ERROR
     * (if any) is counted; MEMCTX cap to receive the published context. */
    add_holder(core, &h, VMSIG_CAP_MEMCTX | VMSIG_CAP_OBSERVE, 0xFFFFFFFFu, 1ull << 0);

    CHECK(vmsig_core_add_adapter(core, vmsig_vmhost_ops(), NULL, 0) >= 0, "add vmhost (watchdog)");

    vmsig_memctx_cfg mc; memset(&mc, 0, sizeof mc);
    mc.stub = 1; mc.ram_path = NULL; mc.low = 0; mc.ro_fd = -1; mc.fail_boots = 3;
    CHECK(vmsig_core_add_adapter(core, vmsig_memctx_ops(), &mc, 0) >= 0, "add memctx (fail_boots=3)");

    vmsig_core_run(core);

    CHECK(h.memctx >= 1,    "MEMCTX published after a series of bootstrap failures (retry worked)");
    CHECK(h.last_kcr3 != 0, "valid kcr3 after the successful retry");
    CHECK(h.errors == 0,    "no ERROR spam during boot retries");

    vmsig_core_free(core);
    vmsig_ctx_free(ctx);
}

int main(void) {
    test_multicast();
    test_epoch();
    test_retain();
    test_multivm();
    test_socket();
    test_ro_fd_ownership();
    test_retry();
    printf("memctx tests: %s\n", g_fail ? "FAIL" : "PASS");
    return g_fail ? 1 : 0;
}