Go to file
Richard Yao cd3939c5f0 Linux AIO Support
nfsd uses do_readv_writev() to implement fops->read and fops->write.
do_readv_writev() will attempt to read/write using fops->aio_read and
fops->aio_write, but it will fallback to fops->read and fops->write when
AIO is not available. However, the fallback will perform a call for each
individual data page. Since our default recordsize is 128KB, sequential
operations on NFS will generate 32 DMU transactions where only 1
transaction was needed. That was unnecessary overhead and we implement
fops->aio_read and fops->aio_write to eliminate it.

ZFS originated in OpenSolaris, where the AIO API is entirely implemented
in userland's libc by intelligently mapping them to VOP_WRITE, VOP_READ
and VOP_FSYNC.  Linux implements AIO inside the kernel itself. Linux
filesystems therefore must implement their own AIO logic and nearly all
of them implement fops->aio_write synchronously. Consequently, they do
not implement aio_fsync(). However, since the ZPL works by mapping
Linux's VFS calls to the functions implementing Illumos' VFS operations,
we instead implement AIO in the kernel by mapping the operations to the
VOP_READ, VOP_WRITE and VOP_FSYNC equivalents. We therefore implement
fops->aio_fsync.

One might be inclined to make our fops->aio_write implementation
synchronous to make software that expects this behavior safe. However,
there are several reasons not to do this:

1. Other platforms do not implement aio_write() synchronously and since
the majority of userland software using AIO should be cross platform,
expectations of synchronous behavior should not be a problem.

2. We would hurt the performance of programs that use POSIX interfaces
properly while simultaneously encouraging the creation of more
non-compliant software.

3. The broader community concluded that userland software should be
patched to properly use POSIX interfaces instead of implementing hacks
in filesystems to cater to broken software. This concept is best
described as the O_PONIES debate.

4. Making an asynchronous write synchronous is non sequitur.

Any software dependent on synchronous aio_write behavior will suffer
data loss on ZFSOnLinux in a kernel panic / system failure of at most
zfs_txg_timeout seconds, which by default is 5 seconds. This seems like
a reasonable consequence of using non-compliant software.

It should be noted that this is also a problem in the kernel itself
where nfsd does not pass O_SYNC on files opened with it and instead
relies on a open()/write()/close() to enforce synchronous behavior when
the flush is only guarenteed on last close.

Exporting any filesystem that does not implement AIO via NFS risks data
loss in the event of a kernel panic / system failure when something else
is also accessing the file. Exporting any file system that implements
AIO the way this patch does bears similar risk. However, it seems
reasonable to forgo crippling our AIO implementation in favor of
developing patches to fix this problem in Linux's nfsd for the reasons
stated earlier. In the interim, the risk will remain. Failing to
implement AIO will not change the problem that nfsd created, so there is
no reason for nfsd's mistake to block our implementation of AIO.

It also should be noted that `aio_cancel()` will always return
`AIO_NOTCANCELED` under this implementation. It is possible to implement
aio_cancel by deferring work to taskqs and use `kiocb_set_cancel_fn()`
to set a callback function for cancelling work sent to taskqs, but the
simpler approach is allowed by the specification:

```
Which operations are cancelable is implementation-defined.
```

http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/aio_cancel.html

The only programs on my system that are capable of using `aio_cancel()`
are QEMU, beecrypt and fio use it according to a recursive grep of my
system's `/usr/src/debug`. That suggests that `aio_cancel()` users are
rare. Implementing aio_cancel() is left to a future date when it is
clear that there are consumers that benefit from its implementation to
justify the work.

Lastly, it is important to know that handling of the iovec updates differs
between Illumos and Linux in the implementation of read/write. On Linux,
it is the VFS' responsibility whle on Illumos, it is the filesystem's
responsibility.  We take the intermediate solution of copying the iovec
so that the ZFS code can update it like on Solaris while leaving the
originals alone. This imposes some overhead. We could always revisit
this should profiling show that the allocations are a problem.

Signed-off-by: Richard Yao <ryao@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes #223
Closes #2373
2014-09-05 15:11:43 -07:00
cmd Improve handling of filesystem versions 2014-09-03 09:17:14 -07:00
config Retire HAVE_IOCTL_* configure checks 2014-08-28 07:45:54 -07:00
contrib Add bash completions by Aneurin Price. 2014-08-06 15:03:28 -07:00
dracut Correct autodetection of bootfs property 2014-08-13 16:53:06 -07:00
etc Import zfs pools after cryptsetup 2014-09-04 09:50:45 -07:00
include Linux AIO Support 2014-09-05 15:11:43 -07:00
lib Fragmentation should display as '-' if spacemap_histogram=disabled 2014-09-05 09:19:01 -07:00
man Change the default 'zfs_dedup_prefetch' value to '0' 2014-09-04 09:50:45 -07:00
module Linux AIO Support 2014-09-05 15:11:43 -07:00
rpm Add a pkgconfig file 2014-08-28 07:59:43 -07:00
scripts zpool-create.sh: allow features to be disabled 2014-07-25 11:58:31 -07:00
udev Open pools asynchronously after module load 2013-07-03 09:24:38 -07:00
.gitignore Ignore *.{deb,rpm,tar.gz} files in the top directory. 2013-04-24 16:18:59 -07:00
.gitmodules Add zimport.sh compatibility test script 2014-02-21 12:10:31 -08:00
AUTHORS Add a missing > to AUTHORS 2014-09-02 14:18:53 -07:00
autogen.sh build: do not call boilerplate ourself 2013-04-02 10:55:20 -07:00
configure.ac Add a pkgconfig file 2014-08-28 07:59:43 -07:00
copy-builtin Consistent menuconfig name 2012-08-26 13:49:37 -07:00
COPYRIGHT Refresh links to web site 2013-03-06 15:46:41 -08:00
DISCLAIMER Fix minor typos and update marketing copy. 2013-03-21 12:51:06 -07:00
Makefile.am Add bash completions by Aneurin Price. 2014-08-06 15:03:28 -07:00
META Tag zfs-0.6.3 2014-06-12 13:34:38 -07:00
OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE Add CDDL license file 2008-12-01 14:49:34 -08:00
README.markdown Fix minor typos and update marketing copy. 2013-03-21 12:51:06 -07:00
zfs-script-config.sh.in Initial implementation of zed (ZFS Event Daemon) 2014-04-02 13:10:03 -07:00
zfs.release.in Move zfs.release generation to configure step 2012-07-12 12:22:51 -07:00

Native ZFS for Linux!

ZFS is an advanced file system and volume manager which was originally developed for Solaris and is now maintained by the Illumos community.

ZFS on Linux, which is also known as ZoL, is currently feature complete. It includes fully functional and stable SPA, DMU, ZVOL, and ZPL layers.

Full documentation for installing ZoL on your favorite Linux distribution can be found at: http://zfsonlinux.org