mirror_zfs/cmd/dbufstat/dbufstat.in
Michael Niewöhner 10b3c7f5e4 Add zstd support to zfs
This PR adds two new compression types, based on ZStandard:

- zstd: A basic ZStandard compression algorithm Available compression.
  Levels for zstd are zstd-1 through zstd-19, where the compression
  increases with every level, but speed decreases.

- zstd-fast: A faster version of the ZStandard compression algorithm
  zstd-fast is basically a "negative" level of zstd. The compression
  decreases with every level, but speed increases.

  Available compression levels for zstd-fast:
   - zstd-fast-1 through zstd-fast-10
   - zstd-fast-20 through zstd-fast-100 (in increments of 10)
   - zstd-fast-500 and zstd-fast-1000

For more information check the man page.

Implementation details:

Rather than treat each level of zstd as a different algorithm (as was
done historically with gzip), the block pointer `enum zio_compress`
value is simply zstd for all levels, including zstd-fast, since they all
use the same decompression function.

The compress= property (a 64bit unsigned integer) uses the lower 7 bits
to store the compression algorithm (matching the number of bits used in
a block pointer, as the 8th bit was borrowed for embedded block
pointers).  The upper bits are used to store the compression level.

It is necessary to be able to determine what compression level was used
when later reading a block back, so the concept used in LZ4, where the
first 32bits of the on-disk value are the size of the compressed data
(since the allocation is rounded up to the nearest ashift), was
extended, and we store the version of ZSTD and the level as well as the
compressed size. This value is returned when decompressing a block, so
that if the block needs to be recompressed (L2ARC, nop-write, etc), that
the same parameters will be used to result in the matching checksum.

All of the internal ZFS code ( `arc_buf_hdr_t`, `objset_t`,
`zio_prop_t`, etc.) uses the separated _compress and _complevel
variables.  Only the properties ZAP contains the combined/bit-shifted
value. The combined value is split when the compression_changed_cb()
callback is called, and sets both objset members (os_compress and
os_complevel).

The userspace tools all use the combined/bit-shifted value.

Additional notes:

zdb can now also decode the ZSTD compression header (flag -Z) and
inspect the size, version and compression level saved in that header.
For each record, if it is ZSTD compressed, the parameters of the decoded
compression header get printed.

ZSTD is included with all current tests and new tests are added
as-needed.

Per-dataset feature flags now get activated when the property is set.
If a compression algorithm requires a feature flag, zfs activates the
feature when the property is set, rather than waiting for the first
block to be born.  This is currently only used by zstd but can be
extended as needed.

Portions-Sponsored-By: The FreeBSD Foundation
Co-authored-by: Allan Jude <allanjude@freebsd.org>
Co-authored-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Co-authored-by: Sebastian Gottschall <s.gottschall@dd-wrt.com>
Co-authored-by: Kjeld Schouten-Lebbing <kjeld@schouten-lebbing.nl>
Co-authored-by: Michael Niewöhner <foss@mniewoehner.de>
Signed-off-by: Allan Jude <allan@klarasystems.com>
Signed-off-by: Allan Jude <allanjude@freebsd.org>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Gottschall <s.gottschall@dd-wrt.com>
Signed-off-by: Kjeld Schouten-Lebbing <kjeld@schouten-lebbing.nl>
Signed-off-by: Michael Niewöhner <foss@mniewoehner.de>
Closes #6247
Closes #9024
Closes #10277
Closes #10278
2020-08-20 10:30:06 -07:00

670 lines
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#!/usr/bin/env @PYTHON_SHEBANG@
#
# Print out statistics for all cached dmu buffers. This information
# is available through the dbufs kstat and may be post-processed as
# needed by the script.
#
# CDDL HEADER START
#
# The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
# Common Development and Distribution License, Version 1.0 only
# (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License.
#
# You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
# or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions
# and limitations under the License.
#
# When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
# file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
# If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
# fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
# information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
#
# CDDL HEADER END
#
# Copyright (C) 2013 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC.
# Produced at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (cf, DISCLAIMER).
#
# This script must remain compatible with Python 2.6+ and Python 3.4+.
#
import sys
import getopt
import errno
import re
bhdr = ["pool", "objset", "object", "level", "blkid", "offset", "dbsize"]
bxhdr = ["pool", "objset", "object", "level", "blkid", "offset", "dbsize",
"meta", "state", "dbholds", "dbc", "list", "atype", "flags",
"count", "asize", "access", "mru", "gmru", "mfu", "gmfu", "l2",
"l2_dattr", "l2_asize", "l2_comp", "aholds", "dtype", "btype",
"data_bs", "meta_bs", "bsize", "lvls", "dholds", "blocks", "dsize"]
bincompat = ["cached", "direct", "indirect", "bonus", "spill"]
dhdr = ["pool", "objset", "object", "dtype", "cached"]
dxhdr = ["pool", "objset", "object", "dtype", "btype", "data_bs", "meta_bs",
"bsize", "lvls", "dholds", "blocks", "dsize", "cached", "direct",
"indirect", "bonus", "spill"]
dincompat = ["level", "blkid", "offset", "dbsize", "meta", "state", "dbholds",
"dbc", "list", "atype", "flags", "count", "asize", "access",
"mru", "gmru", "mfu", "gmfu", "l2", "l2_dattr", "l2_asize",
"l2_comp", "aholds"]
thdr = ["pool", "objset", "dtype", "cached"]
txhdr = ["pool", "objset", "dtype", "cached", "direct", "indirect",
"bonus", "spill"]
tincompat = ["object", "level", "blkid", "offset", "dbsize", "meta", "state",
"dbc", "dbholds", "list", "atype", "flags", "count", "asize",
"access", "mru", "gmru", "mfu", "gmfu", "l2", "l2_dattr",
"l2_asize", "l2_comp", "aholds", "btype", "data_bs", "meta_bs",
"bsize", "lvls", "dholds", "blocks", "dsize"]
cols = {
# hdr: [size, scale, description]
"pool": [15, -1, "pool name"],
"objset": [6, -1, "dataset identification number"],
"object": [10, -1, "object number"],
"level": [5, -1, "indirection level of buffer"],
"blkid": [8, -1, "block number of buffer"],
"offset": [12, 1024, "offset in object of buffer"],
"dbsize": [7, 1024, "size of buffer"],
"meta": [4, -1, "is this buffer metadata?"],
"state": [5, -1, "state of buffer (read, cached, etc)"],
"dbholds": [7, 1000, "number of holds on buffer"],
"dbc": [3, -1, "in dbuf cache"],
"list": [4, -1, "which ARC list contains this buffer"],
"atype": [7, -1, "ARC header type (data or metadata)"],
"flags": [9, -1, "ARC read flags"],
"count": [5, -1, "ARC data count"],
"asize": [7, 1024, "size of this ARC buffer"],
"access": [10, -1, "time this ARC buffer was last accessed"],
"mru": [5, 1000, "hits while on the ARC's MRU list"],
"gmru": [5, 1000, "hits while on the ARC's MRU ghost list"],
"mfu": [5, 1000, "hits while on the ARC's MFU list"],
"gmfu": [5, 1000, "hits while on the ARC's MFU ghost list"],
"l2": [5, 1000, "hits while on the L2ARC"],
"l2_dattr": [8, -1, "L2ARC disk address/offset"],
"l2_asize": [8, 1024, "L2ARC alloc'd size (depending on compression)"],
"l2_comp": [21, -1, "L2ARC compression algorithm for buffer"],
"aholds": [6, 1000, "number of holds on this ARC buffer"],
"dtype": [27, -1, "dnode type"],
"btype": [27, -1, "bonus buffer type"],
"data_bs": [7, 1024, "data block size"],
"meta_bs": [7, 1024, "metadata block size"],
"bsize": [6, 1024, "bonus buffer size"],
"lvls": [6, -1, "number of indirection levels"],
"dholds": [6, 1000, "number of holds on dnode"],
"blocks": [8, 1000, "number of allocated blocks"],
"dsize": [12, 1024, "size of dnode"],
"cached": [6, 1024, "bytes cached for all blocks"],
"direct": [6, 1024, "bytes cached for direct blocks"],
"indirect": [8, 1024, "bytes cached for indirect blocks"],
"bonus": [5, 1024, "bytes cached for bonus buffer"],
"spill": [5, 1024, "bytes cached for spill block"],
}
hdr = None
xhdr = None
sep = " " # Default separator is 2 spaces
cmd = ("Usage: dbufstat [-bdhnrtvx] [-i file] [-f fields] [-o file] "
"[-s string] [-F filter]\n")
raw = 0
def print_incompat_helper(incompat):
cnt = 0
for key in sorted(incompat):
if cnt is 0:
sys.stderr.write("\t")
elif cnt > 8:
sys.stderr.write(",\n\t")
cnt = 0
else:
sys.stderr.write(", ")
sys.stderr.write("%s" % key)
cnt += 1
sys.stderr.write("\n\n")
def detailed_usage():
sys.stderr.write("%s\n" % cmd)
sys.stderr.write("Field definitions incompatible with '-b' option:\n")
print_incompat_helper(bincompat)
sys.stderr.write("Field definitions incompatible with '-d' option:\n")
print_incompat_helper(dincompat)
sys.stderr.write("Field definitions incompatible with '-t' option:\n")
print_incompat_helper(tincompat)
sys.stderr.write("Field definitions are as follows:\n")
for key in sorted(cols.keys()):
sys.stderr.write("%11s : %s\n" % (key, cols[key][2]))
sys.stderr.write("\n")
sys.exit(0)
def usage():
sys.stderr.write("%s\n" % cmd)
sys.stderr.write("\t -b : Print table of information for each dbuf\n")
sys.stderr.write("\t -d : Print table of information for each dnode\n")
sys.stderr.write("\t -h : Print this help message\n")
sys.stderr.write("\t -n : Exclude header from output\n")
sys.stderr.write("\t -r : Print raw values\n")
sys.stderr.write("\t -t : Print table of information for each dnode type"
"\n")
sys.stderr.write("\t -v : List all possible field headers and definitions"
"\n")
sys.stderr.write("\t -x : Print extended stats\n")
sys.stderr.write("\t -i : Redirect input from the specified file\n")
sys.stderr.write("\t -f : Specify specific fields to print (see -v)\n")
sys.stderr.write("\t -o : Redirect output to the specified file\n")
sys.stderr.write("\t -s : Override default field separator with custom "
"character or string\n")
sys.stderr.write("\t -F : Filter output by value or regex\n")
sys.stderr.write("\nExamples:\n")
sys.stderr.write("\tdbufstat -d -o /tmp/d.log\n")
sys.stderr.write("\tdbufstat -t -s \",\" -o /tmp/t.log\n")
sys.stderr.write("\tdbufstat -v\n")
sys.stderr.write("\tdbufstat -d -f pool,object,objset,dsize,cached\n")
sys.stderr.write("\tdbufstat -bx -F dbc=1,objset=54,pool=testpool\n")
sys.stderr.write("\n")
sys.exit(1)
def prettynum(sz, scale, num=0):
global raw
suffix = [' ', 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P', 'E', 'Z']
index = 0
save = 0
if raw or scale == -1:
return "%*s" % (sz, num)
# Rounding error, return 0
elif 0 < num < 1:
num = 0
while num > scale and index < 5:
save = num
num = num / scale
index += 1
if index == 0:
return "%*d" % (sz, num)
if (save / scale) < 10:
return "%*.1f%s" % (sz - 1, num, suffix[index])
else:
return "%*d%s" % (sz - 1, num, suffix[index])
def print_values(v):
global hdr
global sep
try:
for col in hdr:
sys.stdout.write("%s%s" % (
prettynum(cols[col][0], cols[col][1], v[col]), sep))
sys.stdout.write("\n")
except IOError as e:
if e.errno == errno.EPIPE:
sys.exit(1)
def print_header():
global hdr
global sep
try:
for col in hdr:
sys.stdout.write("%*s%s" % (cols[col][0], col, sep))
sys.stdout.write("\n")
except IOError as e:
if e.errno == errno.EPIPE:
sys.exit(1)
def get_typestring(t):
ot_strings = [
"DMU_OT_NONE",
# general:
"DMU_OT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY",
"DMU_OT_OBJECT_ARRAY",
"DMU_OT_PACKED_NVLIST",
"DMU_OT_PACKED_NVLIST_SIZE",
"DMU_OT_BPOBJ",
"DMU_OT_BPOBJ_HDR",
# spa:
"DMU_OT_SPACE_MAP_HEADER",
"DMU_OT_SPACE_MAP",
# zil:
"DMU_OT_INTENT_LOG",
# dmu:
"DMU_OT_DNODE",
"DMU_OT_OBJSET",
# dsl:
"DMU_OT_DSL_DIR",
"DMU_OT_DSL_DIR_CHILD_MAP",
"DMU_OT_DSL_DS_SNAP_MAP",
"DMU_OT_DSL_PROPS",
"DMU_OT_DSL_DATASET",
# zpl:
"DMU_OT_ZNODE",
"DMU_OT_OLDACL",
"DMU_OT_PLAIN_FILE_CONTENTS",
"DMU_OT_DIRECTORY_CONTENTS",
"DMU_OT_MASTER_NODE",
"DMU_OT_UNLINKED_SET",
# zvol:
"DMU_OT_ZVOL",
"DMU_OT_ZVOL_PROP",
# other; for testing only!
"DMU_OT_PLAIN_OTHER",
"DMU_OT_UINT64_OTHER",
"DMU_OT_ZAP_OTHER",
# new object types:
"DMU_OT_ERROR_LOG",
"DMU_OT_SPA_HISTORY",
"DMU_OT_SPA_HISTORY_OFFSETS",
"DMU_OT_POOL_PROPS",
"DMU_OT_DSL_PERMS",
"DMU_OT_ACL",
"DMU_OT_SYSACL",
"DMU_OT_FUID",
"DMU_OT_FUID_SIZE",
"DMU_OT_NEXT_CLONES",
"DMU_OT_SCAN_QUEUE",
"DMU_OT_USERGROUP_USED",
"DMU_OT_USERGROUP_QUOTA",
"DMU_OT_USERREFS",
"DMU_OT_DDT_ZAP",
"DMU_OT_DDT_STATS",
"DMU_OT_SA",
"DMU_OT_SA_MASTER_NODE",
"DMU_OT_SA_ATTR_REGISTRATION",
"DMU_OT_SA_ATTR_LAYOUTS",
"DMU_OT_SCAN_XLATE",
"DMU_OT_DEDUP",
"DMU_OT_DEADLIST",
"DMU_OT_DEADLIST_HDR",
"DMU_OT_DSL_CLONES",
"DMU_OT_BPOBJ_SUBOBJ"]
otn_strings = {
0x80: "DMU_OTN_UINT8_DATA",
0xc0: "DMU_OTN_UINT8_METADATA",
0x81: "DMU_OTN_UINT16_DATA",
0xc1: "DMU_OTN_UINT16_METADATA",
0x82: "DMU_OTN_UINT32_DATA",
0xc2: "DMU_OTN_UINT32_METADATA",
0x83: "DMU_OTN_UINT64_DATA",
0xc3: "DMU_OTN_UINT64_METADATA",
0x84: "DMU_OTN_ZAP_DATA",
0xc4: "DMU_OTN_ZAP_METADATA",
0xa0: "DMU_OTN_UINT8_ENC_DATA",
0xe0: "DMU_OTN_UINT8_ENC_METADATA",
0xa1: "DMU_OTN_UINT16_ENC_DATA",
0xe1: "DMU_OTN_UINT16_ENC_METADATA",
0xa2: "DMU_OTN_UINT32_ENC_DATA",
0xe2: "DMU_OTN_UINT32_ENC_METADATA",
0xa3: "DMU_OTN_UINT64_ENC_DATA",
0xe3: "DMU_OTN_UINT64_ENC_METADATA",
0xa4: "DMU_OTN_ZAP_ENC_DATA",
0xe4: "DMU_OTN_ZAP_ENC_METADATA"}
# If "-rr" option is used, don't convert to string representation
if raw > 1:
return "%i" % t
try:
if t < len(ot_strings):
return ot_strings[t]
else:
return otn_strings[t]
except (IndexError, KeyError):
return "(UNKNOWN)"
def get_compstring(c):
comp_strings = ["ZIO_COMPRESS_INHERIT", "ZIO_COMPRESS_ON",
"ZIO_COMPRESS_OFF", "ZIO_COMPRESS_LZJB",
"ZIO_COMPRESS_EMPTY", "ZIO_COMPRESS_GZIP_1",
"ZIO_COMPRESS_GZIP_2", "ZIO_COMPRESS_GZIP_3",
"ZIO_COMPRESS_GZIP_4", "ZIO_COMPRESS_GZIP_5",
"ZIO_COMPRESS_GZIP_6", "ZIO_COMPRESS_GZIP_7",
"ZIO_COMPRESS_GZIP_8", "ZIO_COMPRESS_GZIP_9",
"ZIO_COMPRESS_ZLE", "ZIO_COMPRESS_LZ4",
"ZIO_COMPRESS_ZSTD", "ZIO_COMPRESS_FUNCTION"]
# If "-rr" option is used, don't convert to string representation
if raw > 1:
return "%i" % c
try:
return comp_strings[c]
except IndexError:
return "%i" % c
def parse_line(line, labels):
global hdr
new = dict()
val = None
for col in hdr:
# These are "special" fields computed in the update_dict
# function, prevent KeyError exception on labels[col] for these.
if col not in ['bonus', 'cached', 'direct', 'indirect', 'spill']:
val = line[labels[col]]
if col in ['pool', 'flags']:
new[col] = str(val)
elif col in ['dtype', 'btype']:
new[col] = get_typestring(int(val))
elif col in ['l2_comp']:
new[col] = get_compstring(int(val))
else:
new[col] = int(val)
return new
def update_dict(d, k, line, labels):
pool = line[labels['pool']]
objset = line[labels['objset']]
key = line[labels[k]]
dbsize = int(line[labels['dbsize']])
blkid = int(line[labels['blkid']])
level = int(line[labels['level']])
if pool not in d:
d[pool] = dict()
if objset not in d[pool]:
d[pool][objset] = dict()
if key not in d[pool][objset]:
d[pool][objset][key] = parse_line(line, labels)
d[pool][objset][key]['bonus'] = 0
d[pool][objset][key]['cached'] = 0
d[pool][objset][key]['direct'] = 0
d[pool][objset][key]['indirect'] = 0
d[pool][objset][key]['spill'] = 0
d[pool][objset][key]['cached'] += dbsize
if blkid == -1:
d[pool][objset][key]['bonus'] += dbsize
elif blkid == -2:
d[pool][objset][key]['spill'] += dbsize
else:
if level == 0:
d[pool][objset][key]['direct'] += dbsize
else:
d[pool][objset][key]['indirect'] += dbsize
return d
def skip_line(vals, filters):
'''
Determines if a line should be skipped during printing
based on a set of filters
'''
if len(filters) == 0:
return False
for key in vals:
if key in filters:
val = prettynum(cols[key][0], cols[key][1], vals[key]).strip()
# we want a full match here
if re.match("(?:" + filters[key] + r")\Z", val) is None:
return True
return False
def print_dict(d, filters, noheader):
if not noheader:
print_header()
for pool in list(d.keys()):
for objset in list(d[pool].keys()):
for v in list(d[pool][objset].values()):
if not skip_line(v, filters):
print_values(v)
def dnodes_build_dict(filehandle):
labels = dict()
dnodes = dict()
# First 3 lines are header information, skip the first two
for i in range(2):
next(filehandle)
# The third line contains the labels and index locations
for i, v in enumerate(next(filehandle).split()):
labels[v] = i
# The rest of the file is buffer information
for line in filehandle:
update_dict(dnodes, 'object', line.split(), labels)
return dnodes
def types_build_dict(filehandle):
labels = dict()
types = dict()
# First 3 lines are header information, skip the first two
for i in range(2):
next(filehandle)
# The third line contains the labels and index locations
for i, v in enumerate(next(filehandle).split()):
labels[v] = i
# The rest of the file is buffer information
for line in filehandle:
update_dict(types, 'dtype', line.split(), labels)
return types
def buffers_print_all(filehandle, filters, noheader):
labels = dict()
# First 3 lines are header information, skip the first two
for i in range(2):
next(filehandle)
# The third line contains the labels and index locations
for i, v in enumerate(next(filehandle).split()):
labels[v] = i
if not noheader:
print_header()
# The rest of the file is buffer information
for line in filehandle:
vals = parse_line(line.split(), labels)
if not skip_line(vals, filters):
print_values(vals)
def main():
global hdr
global sep
global raw
desired_cols = None
bflag = False
dflag = False
hflag = False
ifile = None
ofile = None
tflag = False
vflag = False
xflag = False
nflag = False
filters = dict()
try:
opts, args = getopt.getopt(
sys.argv[1:],
"bdf:hi:o:rs:tvxF:n",
[
"buffers",
"dnodes",
"columns",
"help",
"infile",
"outfile",
"separator",
"types",
"verbose",
"extended",
"filter"
]
)
except getopt.error:
usage()
opts = None
for opt, arg in opts:
if opt in ('-b', '--buffers'):
bflag = True
if opt in ('-d', '--dnodes'):
dflag = True
if opt in ('-f', '--columns'):
desired_cols = arg
if opt in ('-h', '--help'):
hflag = True
if opt in ('-i', '--infile'):
ifile = arg
if opt in ('-o', '--outfile'):
ofile = arg
if opt in ('-r', '--raw'):
raw += 1
if opt in ('-s', '--separator'):
sep = arg
if opt in ('-t', '--types'):
tflag = True
if opt in ('-v', '--verbose'):
vflag = True
if opt in ('-x', '--extended'):
xflag = True
if opt in ('-n', '--noheader'):
nflag = True
if opt in ('-F', '--filter'):
fils = [x.strip() for x in arg.split(",")]
for fil in fils:
f = [x.strip() for x in fil.split("=")]
if len(f) != 2:
sys.stderr.write("Invalid filter '%s'.\n" % fil)
sys.exit(1)
if f[0] not in cols:
sys.stderr.write("Invalid field '%s' in filter.\n" % f[0])
sys.exit(1)
if f[0] in filters:
sys.stderr.write("Field '%s' specified multiple times in "
"filter.\n" % f[0])
sys.exit(1)
try:
re.compile("(?:" + f[1] + r")\Z")
except re.error:
sys.stderr.write("Invalid regex for field '%s' in "
"filter.\n" % f[0])
sys.exit(1)
filters[f[0]] = f[1]
if hflag or (xflag and desired_cols):
usage()
if vflag:
detailed_usage()
# Ensure at most only one of b, d, or t flags are set
if (bflag and dflag) or (bflag and tflag) or (dflag and tflag):
usage()
if bflag:
hdr = bxhdr if xflag else bhdr
elif tflag:
hdr = txhdr if xflag else thdr
else: # Even if dflag is False, it's the default if none set
dflag = True
hdr = dxhdr if xflag else dhdr
if desired_cols:
hdr = desired_cols.split(",")
invalid = []
incompat = []
for ele in hdr:
if ele not in cols:
invalid.append(ele)
elif ((bflag and bincompat and ele in bincompat) or
(dflag and dincompat and ele in dincompat) or
(tflag and tincompat and ele in tincompat)):
incompat.append(ele)
if len(invalid) > 0:
sys.stderr.write("Invalid column definition! -- %s\n" % invalid)
usage()
if len(incompat) > 0:
sys.stderr.write("Incompatible field specified! -- %s\n" %
incompat)
usage()
if ofile:
try:
tmp = open(ofile, "w")
sys.stdout = tmp
except IOError:
sys.stderr.write("Cannot open %s for writing\n" % ofile)
sys.exit(1)
if not ifile:
ifile = '/proc/spl/kstat/zfs/dbufs'
if ifile is not "-":
try:
tmp = open(ifile, "r")
sys.stdin = tmp
except IOError:
sys.stderr.write("Cannot open %s for reading\n" % ifile)
sys.exit(1)
if bflag:
buffers_print_all(sys.stdin, filters, nflag)
if dflag:
print_dict(dnodes_build_dict(sys.stdin), filters, nflag)
if tflag:
print_dict(types_build_dict(sys.stdin), filters, nflag)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()