Import vdev ashift optimization from FreeBSD

Many modern devices use physical allocation units that are much
larger than the minimum logical allocation size accessible by
external commands. Two prevalent examples of this are 512e disk
drives (512b logical sector, 4K physical sector) and flash devices
(512b logical sector, 4K or larger allocation block size, and 128k
or larger erase block size). Operations that modify less than the
physical sector size result in a costly read-modify-write or garbage
collection sequence on these devices.

Simply exporting the true physical sector of the device to ZFS would
yield optimal performance, but has two serious drawbacks:

 1. Existing pools created with devices that have different logical
    and physical block sizes, but were configured to use the logical
    block size (e.g. because the OS version used for pool construction
    reported the logical block size instead of the physical block
    size) will suddenly find that the vdev allocation size has
    increased. This can be easily tolerated for active members of
    the array, but ZFS would prevent replacement of a vdev with
    another identical device because it now appears that the smaller
    allocation size required by the pool is not supported by the new
    device.

 2. The device's physical block size may be too large to be supported
    by ZFS. The optimal allocation size for the vdev may be quite
    large. For example, a RAID controller may export a vdev that
    requires read-modify-write cycles unless accessed using 64k
    aligned/sized requests. ZFS currently has an 8k minimum block
    size limit.

Reporting both the logical and physical allocation sizes for vdevs
solves these problems. A device may be used so long as the logical
block size is compatible with the configuration. By comparing the
logical and physical block sizes, new configurations can be optimized
and administrators can be notified of any existing pools that are
sub-optimal.

Reviewed-by: Ryan Moeller <ryan@iXsystems.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Co-authored-by: Matthew Macy <mmacy@freebsd.org>
Signed-off-by: Matt Macy <mmacy@FreeBSD.org>
Closes #10619

include/sys/fs/zfs.h

@@ -873,6 +873,7 @@ typedef enum vdev_aux {
 	VDEV_AUX_EXTERNAL_PERSIST,	/* persistent forced fault	*/
 	VDEV_AUX_ACTIVE,	/* vdev active on a different host	*/
 	VDEV_AUX_CHILDREN_OFFLINE, /* all children are offline		*/
+	VDEV_AUX_ASHIFT_TOO_BIG, /* vdev's min block size is too large   */
 } vdev_aux_t;
 
 /*
@@ -1068,8 +1069,17 @@ typedef struct vdev_stat {
 	uint64_t	vs_trim_state;		/* vdev_trim_state_t */
 	uint64_t	vs_trim_action_time;	/* time_t */
 	uint64_t	vs_rebuild_processed;	/* bytes rebuilt */
+	uint64_t	vs_configured_ashift;   /* TLV vdev_ashift */
+	uint64_t	vs_logical_ashift;	/* vdev_logical_ashift  */
+	uint64_t	vs_physical_ashift;	/* vdev_physical_ashift */
 } vdev_stat_t;
 
+/* BEGIN CSTYLED */
+#define	VDEV_STAT_VALID(field, uint64_t_field_count) \
+    ((uint64_t_field_count * sizeof (uint64_t)) >=	 \
+     (offsetof(vdev_stat_t, field) + sizeof (((vdev_stat_t *)NULL)->field)))
+/* END CSTYLED */
+
 /*
  * Extended stats
  *

include/sys/vdev.h

@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ extern void vdev_rele(vdev_t *);
 extern int vdev_metaslab_init(vdev_t *vd, uint64_t txg);
 extern void vdev_metaslab_fini(vdev_t *vd);
 extern void vdev_metaslab_set_size(vdev_t *);
+extern void vdev_ashift_optimize(vdev_t *);
 extern void vdev_expand(vdev_t *vd, uint64_t txg);
 extern void vdev_split(vdev_t *vd);
 extern void vdev_deadman(vdev_t *vd, char *tag);

include/sys/vdev_impl.h

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ extern uint32_t zfs_vdev_async_write_max_active;
  * Virtual device operations
  */
 typedef int	vdev_open_func_t(vdev_t *vd, uint64_t *size, uint64_t *max_size,
-    uint64_t *ashift);
+    uint64_t *ashift, uint64_t *pshift);
 typedef void	vdev_close_func_t(vdev_t *vd);
 typedef uint64_t vdev_asize_func_t(vdev_t *vd, uint64_t psize);
 typedef void	vdev_io_start_func_t(zio_t *zio);
@@ -216,6 +216,25 @@ struct vdev {
 	uint64_t	vdev_min_asize;	/* min acceptable asize		*/
 	uint64_t	vdev_max_asize;	/* max acceptable asize		*/
 	uint64_t	vdev_ashift;	/* block alignment shift	*/
+
+	/*
+	 * Logical block alignment shift
+	 *
+	 * The smallest sized/aligned I/O supported by the device.
+	 */
+	uint64_t	vdev_logical_ashift;
+	/*
+	 * Physical block alignment shift
+	 *
+	 * The device supports logical I/Os with vdev_logical_ashift
+	 * size/alignment, but optimum performance will be achieved by
+	 * aligning/sizing requests to vdev_physical_ashift.  Smaller
+	 * requests may be inflated or incur device level read-modify-write
+	 * operations.
+	 *
+	 * May be 0 to indicate no preference (i.e. use vdev_logical_ashift).
+	 */
+	uint64_t	vdev_physical_ashift;
 	uint64_t	vdev_state;	/* see VDEV_STATE_* #defines	*/
 	uint64_t	vdev_prevstate;	/* used when reopening a vdev	*/
 	vdev_ops_t	*vdev_ops;	/* vdev operations		*/
@@ -586,6 +605,14 @@ extern int vdev_obsolete_counts_are_precise(vdev_t *vd, boolean_t *are_precise);
  */
 int vdev_checkpoint_sm_object(vdev_t *vd, uint64_t *sm_obj);
 
+/*
+ * Vdev ashift optimization tunables
+ */
+extern uint64_t zfs_vdev_min_auto_ashift;
+extern uint64_t zfs_vdev_max_auto_ashift;
+int param_set_min_auto_ashift(ZFS_MODULE_PARAM_ARGS);
+int param_set_max_auto_ashift(ZFS_MODULE_PARAM_ARGS);
+
 #ifdef	__cplusplus
 }
 #endif